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BIKE_SAFELY


                                         April 2, 2001
                                    Rev: July 23, 2007

Motorists that are actively hostile toward
cyclists are actually very rare, so the
primary problem in bike safety boils down
to making sure that they see you.

So you need to ride where they're going
to see you, not where they want you to be.

In the absence of a bike lane, you typically need
to ride a little out in traffic, further to the
left than feels right at first.

Typically, you feel very nervous about the powerful
machinery behind you, but you need to remember that
rear-end collisions on a bike are very unusual.

The way that you really get nailed is by

   (a) people opening the doors of
   parked cars in your path,
   knocking you out into traffic
   (this is called "getting
   doored", or "winning the door
   prize").

   (b) people making turns
   in front of you.

      That car on your left that
      you've been cruising next to
      may do a sudden right;

      On-coming traffic often
      gets hyper about making a
      left in a gap between the
      vehicles...

      And of course: cross traffic
      making rights or lefts into
      your lane.

The solution to every one of
these problems is just to stay       Everyone when first hearing this
out to the left, out of reach        thinks that it's wrong: you must be
of the doors of parked cars,         able to just watch for people who are
and in the area that everyone's      going to swing their doors open.
watching.
                                        It doesn't work.  Head rests and
Taking the entire lane is not           tinted rear windows obscure
out the question. Legally that's        people sitting in cars; the
what you're supposed to do if           oblique angle of view guarantees
it's required for safety, and           total reflection off the side
that's what we're talking about         windows -- it's physically
here.                                   impossible to see through them
                                        even if they're not tinted.
And if you do get pressured over
into the door zone for some                And best of all: the drivers hide
reason, *slow down*.  You may              from you.  Nearly every single
need to stop suddenly.                     person before getting out of a
                                           parked car hunches over and
   And don't *stay* in the door            starts rummaging around for stuff
   zone.  Even riding ilegally             on the floor and passenger seat.
   on the sidewalk is preferable
   (but see the notes below                   They then swing their doors
   about the problems with                    open suddenly, often before
   sidewalk riding).                          they even straighten up, let
                                              alone before they consider
Lights are important: there                   looking behind them.
are a lot of cheap flashing
lights available that you can
see a mile away at night.

High visibility gear would probably
help, but in my experience isn't
really necessary: I generally ride in
whatever I'd normally wear.  But
since this is usually dark colors, I
double up on lights: two behind, and
two in front.  This also helps cover
equipment problems (dead batteries,
and so on).

Yeah, wear a helmet.  While
I agree they're probably
overrated, there's a chance      The anti-helmet riders claim that
that they may keep a             there's a peculiar phenomena:
moderate accident from           car drivers give you more space if
turning into a major injury.     you don't have a helmet on.
Though you need to realize
that in a really serious             Possibly they worry more about
crash, they're not going to          your safety?  Or possibly you
do much for you.                     register to them as something
                                     more like a human being?

                                               In any case, there
And if you do get hurt,                        are other solutions:
if don't have that                             ride further to the
helmet, you can guarantee                      left so they take you
that everyone (including                       seriously as traffic;
the police, the local                          and consider tricking
press, and the opposing                        out your bike to make
lawyers) will all claim                        it more visible:
that this shows that       Probably your
you're obviously crazy     friends and         o   Insane decor like glitzy
and irresponsible.         family will             handle bar tassels.
                           say this, too.
                                               o   Rear basket(s) to make
So wear a helmet.                                  you're bike look wider
                                                   (some drivers seem to
But remember, the real                             think the bike is only as
defense is to avoid the                            wide as your rear tire).
collision.

                                           The trouble with this
                                           is that it would also
                                           make your bike a target
                                           for vandalism when it's
                                           locked up unattended.

                       Sad but true: stick your
                       head above the crowd and
                       someone will try to hammer    Particularly if they
                       it down.                      can do it anonymously,
                                                     without sticking their
                                                     own heads up.



              Lately I've been working on
              something I call the Theory of
              Erratic Steering.  If the car
              traffic is buzzing too close to
              you, try jerking your steering
              wheel toward the moving cars.
              If you keep making little feints
              out into traffic, they'll think
              you're a complete lunatic and
              stay further away from you.



Random notes:

Watch out for trolley tracks
embedded in the street: if you
have to cross one, try to do it at
right angles.  If you try to ride
on one while you're moving in a
direction nearly parallel to them,     Advanced technique to work on:
it could easily catch your wheels      the "bunny hop".  Some riders
and take you down.  Careful with       can jump side ways with their
street gratings, too.                  bikes, picking it up on their
                                       clips.




By the way: about lock up
procedures.  I personally carry
three bike locks: a U-lock, a
heavy cable, and a light cable.
There are two ideas here:

(1) most bike thieves only carry
    the tools they need to break
    one type of lock.  If you
    use two different ones,
    they'll probably leave you
    alone.

(2) the "quick-release"
    philosophy is fundamentally
    screwed up.  Pop your front
    wheel off and lock it up
    with the back?  *Great* way
    to let everyone know your
    bike is going to be
    unattended for hours.  It's
    also a huge waste of time.
    And what if you make a
    mistake when you're putting
    it back on?  Don't forget to
    re-attach that brake
    cable.  Make sure you get
    that wheel tight, don't want
    it popping off in traffic,
    do you?

    Don't forget you need to
    worry about your seat
    getting stolen also,               Also, that
    *especially* if it's got           third cable       Myself, I make sure
    a silly quick-release lever        lock is skinny    that the helmets I
    on it.  That's what I use          enough to         buy have a port
    the third lock for: it holds       thread through    wide enough to fit
    the seat on, even when I           my helmet, so     my cable lock through.
    need the heavy cable lock          I can lock it
    for something else.                to the bike.      But some helmets
                                                         aren't designed to
                                                         take the wear, so
                                                         so over time the
                                                         plastic shell
                                                         starts chipping
                                                         where I thread the
You know you shouldn't ride up                           lock through.
on the sidewalk, right?  So
don't ride on the sidewalk.  But
if you *do* ride on the
sidewalk: *go slow*.  If you're        And *don't* go shooting off the
in pedestrian territory, go            sidewalk into a cross-walk: you
at pedestrian speeds.                  may take a car driver making a
                                       turn by surprise.  That's one
                                       way that cyclists get themselves
That incidentally, sums up             killed.
my opinion on the always
controversial question of
how to handle red lights
and stop signs:

    If you do slide
    through a red or
    a stop, do it         A bike going the speed
    slow enough that      of a pedestrian can get away
    it's no worse         with acting like a pedestrian,
    than jay-walking.     but if you're going at
                          vehicular speed, you better
                          act like a vehicle.


     A lot of cyclists like to
     talk about "the Idaho
     rules": treat reds as
     stops and stops as yields.     (This is the law
                                    for bikes in Idaho.)
                                                        
                                                        
         That works, too. In practice,                IDAHO_RULES
         it's not all that different:
         don't just blow through
         intersections and count on
         the cross-traffic to know
         that cyclists are gonzo crazy.




===

Some maneuvers I use:

At the light, you pass the line of
stopped cars on their right -- take it
easy on the speed, you're probably in
the door zone -- then you pause at the
cross walk (letting peds through), then
you move out *into* the cross walk, and
get way over to the far left side of
the lane, in front of the stopped cars.

This is so that:
(a) the cars behind                      Many cyclists don't
you see you                              bother worrying about
(b) right-turning                        the right-turners: they
cars can get by.                         just sit tight over on
                                         the right side, and if
A tad obnoxious,                         that bugs cars that
perhaps, but it's                        want to make a right,
reasonably effective.                    tough.

It's significantly less                      Can't say I blame them
obnoxious if you can                         much: really the car
slip through a gap in                        drivers don't want you
the cross-traffic and                        to be *anywhere*:
cross against the
light.  The drivers       This will not,          Don't be on the
behind you are less       however,                right, don't be
likely to feel like       prevent them            on the left,
you're holding them       from grumbling          don't take the
up.                       about those             lane, don't ride
                          crazy cyclists.         on the sidewalk.

A variation: some of the cars
are signaling right turns, so
you do a zig-zag between the
stopped cars to get to the left
side of the traffic without
cutting off the right-turners.




Another maneuver, which may be an
example of being too polite:

Personally, when I start moving,
I often veer to the right of the        By the way: on average,
intersection to let the first car       in urban traffic cars
behind me get by if it wants to.        aren't really faster
                                        then bikes, they just
But then you've got to look             accelerate faster and      (Hence,
over your shoulder, and edge            spend more time waiting    bike
back to the left quickly to:            at the next light.         messengers.)
(a) keep out of the door zone;
(b) keep the second car from               Usually, I'm not *really*
running you off the road.                  doing them any favors
                                           in letting them pass
   This is a tricky one.                   me, I'm just making them
   I don't know that I'd                   feel better.
   recommend it.




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