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RAYMONDS_FOLLY


         
About esr's stab at making hard sf 
and libertarianism the core of SF:

   "A Political History of SF":
   http://catb.org/~esr/writings/sf-history.html 
 
   (An earlier version was titled:
    "Libertarianism and the Hard SF Renaissance") 

These essays by Eric S. Raymond (aka esr)
are puported to be histories of science
fiction, intended to show that the one
true science fiction is Hard SF and that
there's some intimate link between it and
libertarian politics.
   
I would contend that he made a        
mistake in writing his ideas up as
a "history", when what he *should*   
have been doing is writing a          
manifesto.                        
                                  
   It would be far better if he set out 
   to establish why more Libertarian Hard SF
   should be written, why it could be important 
   for the world to do this... 

   Re-writing history to fit his
   view of the world is crazy on
   all counts; it just isn't going
   to persuade anyone that has any
   familarity with the field; and 
   it hurts his credibility overall.


Esr (following Gregory Benford)                               
makes the claim "Hard SF is the                           
core of the field".                                                  
                                                                     
Problems:                                               
                                                                        
  (1) Hard SF itself typically isn't                                
      very hard -- it's rare that it                      
      doesn't incorporate a rank                     Esr claims he's  
      absurdity like faster-than-light               applying the     
      travel.                                        linguistic      
                                                     concept of      
  (2) It's not difficult to think of lists           "radial         
      of works that are not pure Hard SF, but        categories".    
      would seem peculiar to exclude from                            
      SF's core.  Here's a quick list of                 The idea is that   
      things (some well-known, some not):                a few counter-    
                                                         examples don't  
      Theodore Sturgeon                                  matter, because   
        "More than Human"                                he's after a       
      Alfred Bester                                      general concept.
        "The Stars My Destination"                                           
      Clifford D. Simak's                                       How many 
        "Time is the Simplest Thing"                            would be      
      James Blish                                               too many?     
        "Jack of Eagles"                                                       
      A. E. van Vogt                                                       
        "Slan"                      
      Roger Zelazny                                                 
        "Lord of Light"             
      Samuel R. Delany        DELANY        
        "Babel-17"                  
      Fritz Leiber                  
        "The Big Time"              
      E.E. Smith          THROUGH_THE_LENS           
        "Lensman" series.           

  (3) In general, esr continually gives                            
      short-shrift to writers that might             
      contradict (or at least                        
      complicate) his thesis: Ursula                 
      LeGuin, Samuel R. Delany,                      
      Cordwainer Smith, Philip K. Dick,              
      William Gibson, or Bruce Sterling.             
                                                     


That a respect for freedom is necessary
for progress is probably indisputable
(though exactly what that means could 
be argued).

   What that has to do with SF isn't clear                DEEP_SF
   to me; the suggestion that SF has to                            
   remain grounded in reality in order for      Sure this sounds        
   it to remain a popular success seems         good to me, but    
   like quite a leap of faith.                  it ain't what              
                                                post-Trek SF is    
                                                about. 
Esr essentially claims that the                       
central feature of SF is an
embrace of change, and that's
what it has in common with the
'tarians.
                
             But the people who call      
             themselves "Progressives"     (And nor do the people
             don't think of themselves     who call themselves   
             as the enemies of change,     "Conservatives" regard
                                           themselves as the     
                                           enemies of progress.) 
                                           

Does it really make sense to look
at the Futurian/Galaxy school of         (And how does he feel about
SF as Marxist?                           Star Trek?  Tremendously   
                                         popular, but hardly        
  "The Space-Merchants" by               libertarian in premise.)   
  Pohl and Kornbluth is a  
  well-regarded satire of                        
  advertising and one might        
  say "capitalism raging                        
  out of control".  Does                        
  that make it "marxist"?                         
  I think Esr betrays a "if
  you're not with me you   
  must be against me"      
  mind-set here...         
                              
  
Was cyberpunk really a "failed    
revolution"?  I'm not so sure it    
deserves to be thought of as a                
revolution (and esr pretty much                                  Or maybe it's 
says so as well), and I'm pretty                                 a cultural  
certain it wasn't a failure                                      mismatch... 
(e.g. Gibson and Sterling are both                               For esr,    
doing pretty well).  The role that                               punk == bad? 
the cyberpunk revolution needs to          Possibly, the real    
play in esr's story here seems             reason esr regards    
pretty forced: is cyberpunk                cyberpunk as an             
hostile to hard SF?  To                    affront is because   
libertarianism?                            it's not romantic?   (or not 
                                                                 always)
                                                                        
                                              "Hard" SF has always been
                                              uncomfortable with the   
                                              notion that human beings 
                                              can be considered as     
                                              material entities,       
                                              biological machines.     
                                                                       
                                              The human spirit must    
                                              not be completely        
                                              dependant on a 
                                              physical substrate.      
                                                                       
                                                        Though as         
                                                        premises go,    
                                                        that would      
                                                        seem pretty     
                                                        Hard.       
                                                                      

                        Can Philip K. Dick be 
                        classified as a "new  
                        wave relic"?  Dick is      
                        increasingly respected      And he started  
                        and more widely read        writing a decade 
                        as time goes on.            or so before the 
                                                    "new wave". 
     Did Heinlein reach his "peak" 
     with "The Moon is a Harsh 
     Mistress"?  I might be 
     inclined to think so, but it               Possibly, esr is presuming    
     certainly wasn't the peak of               (unconsciously?)  the       
     his sales and popularity.  By              existence of a "real SF       
     that standard it was a minor               fandom" that's a smaller    
     work compared to the books                 set than the people who       
     published by Heinlien during               are actually reading the    
     his long decline.  How can                 books?                    
     those later sales be shrugged                    
     off?  (Isn't the market      
     always right?)               

             Think about the absences in this      
             history, e.g. no mention of Ursula 
             LeGuin.  Now *I* don't          
             particularly like her stuff, but       LEGUIN
             many people do, and for this to      
             be a tale of hard libertarian sf      
             triumphant you've got to write      
             her out of the story...         
        


Another issue: how "hard" was Campbellian hard SF,
anyway?  Esr shrugs off faster than light travel as
a minor exception to the rule of scientific rigor,
but is that at all reasonable?  If you're dealing
with the future of human interstellar exploration,
sticking in FTL automatically shoves you off into
the realm of non-rational fantasies...
   
And you could argue that Campbell's later obessions         
with flaky nonsense (Dean drive, dianetics,        
hieronymus machine, etc) somewhat undermines his   
claim for intellectual rigor.                      
                                                        
There's all sorts of odd stuff here, like say this: 

   Reagan's threat to build SDI at the Reykjavik
   summit with Gorbachev in 1986 triggered the
   collapse of Soviet strategic ambitions as
   Mikhail Gorbachev realized that the Soviet
   Union could not match the U.S.'s raise in the
   geopolitical poker game. The Berlin Wall fell
   three years later; science fiction saved the
   world. Somewhere, Campbell and Heinlein were
   probably smiling.

Myself I regard the connection bettween SDI and
the collapse of the Berlin Wall as a interesting      Surely, a true 
hypothesis, but I've never seen anything that I       libertarian would not 
would call proof on the subject.  I could also        presume a communist 
easily believe that it was total luck that the        dictatorship to be 
Soviet Union collapsed on Reagan's watch.             a viable form of 
                                                      government in the long 
                                                      term... 
I'm not even sure that I buy                                  
that "optimism" is a key                                      Why was it 
component of hard SF...                                       necessary for 
Algis Budrys has made the                                     anyone to do 
point that much of "modern                                    or say anything
sf" (including the sf written                                 to get the 
by Campbell) has a certain          How about some of         Soviet Union to 
somber tone to it.                  Asimov's early work       fall?
                                    on the Foundation       
   Consider the "Galaxy Series"     series?                 
   of Gregory Benford, whose                                
   premise is that humanity is                 DEAD_HAND             
   attacked by a powerful alien
   force and loses. 

   Humanity must survive as a 
   conquered, subject race from 
   then on... there is no 
   feel-good revolution pulled 
   out of a hat in the last chapter.


   
Esr mentions L. Neil Smith,                               
J. Neil Schulman and so on --                             
and alludes to how bad their    
stuff really is -- but claims                           
we're supposed to regard their                          
strong sales to SF fans as      
significant.                                               
   
   Are we tracking artistic success                       
   or are we tracking popular                             
   sales?  If it's sales, what             DHALGREN 
   happened to "Dhalgren" in this  
   history? He claims that        
   explicitly libertarian SF books         Maybe he means it's 
   "sell astonishingly well"...            astonishing considering 
   more so than than Ursula K LeGuin?      their obvious lack of 
   William Gibson?  Bruce Sterling?        quality.
   Philip K. Dick?  
   
   
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