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PRECISELY_ACCURATE

                                                    August  7, 2023

The canonical example is target shooting.

In the ideal case all your shots will group
together at the center, but in reality
they'll often be scattered widely, and the
center of the scatter might not even be at
the center of the target.

   We often analyze these results by looking
   at how well the average gets near the
   bullseye, but also by looking at the size
   of the grouping, e.g. by calculating the
   "standard deviation".

   In the usual jargon, we say that the shots
   are "accurate" if the average is near the
   center, but we say the shots are "precise"    This distinction is very
   if the grouping is tight.                     common, but the jargon is
                                                 really remarkably awkward: it
   This can be a useful way                      doesn't map well to colloquial
   of analyzing the result:                      understanding of the words,
                                                 which seem like synonyms to
   You might, for example, find that             anyone without a technical
   all your shots are actually                   background.
   grouped tightly together, but not
   centered on the target (high                  Myself, I've been familiar
   precision but low accuracy), and              with it for many years, but
   you can conclude from this that               even so I need to stop and
   there's nothing wrong with your               think sometimes to make sure
   aim, but there could be an issue              I haven't gotten the terms
   with the gun sight that needs to              backwards.
   be fixed.


   But: while the precision/accuracy
   distinction can be revealing,
   I think it's important to remember
   it's an artificial imposition on
   the data.

      This is an analytical device
      which might tell you
      something about underlying
      phenomena, but there's no
      reason it has to.

      Treating accuracy and
      precision like two knobs
      that can always be spun
      independently of each               SCATTER_THE_NOISE
      other is often going to be
      a mistake.         
                         
                         

        The reason I've indulged in
        the above rather conventional
        exposition is that something
        similar is done in:

           "Noise" (2021) by
           Kahneman, Sibony and Sunstein          See the introduction,
                                                  "Two Kinds of Error"
           SCATTER_THE_NOISE

        But I think the conventional exposition
        is clearer, because it works with the
        individual shooter case.  Sunstein et
        al have got their eye on the
        predictions and judgments made by
        multiple experts in an organization,
        and so the authors keep trying to talk
        about shooting teams, but that fuzzes     The entire point of the
        things up too much, e.g. it makes it      distinction is that it
        harder to bring in the issue of           can point you at an
        individual aim vs the quality of the      underlying cause:
        gun sights.                               shooter vs gun sight.

                                                  The idea that an entire
                                                  shooting team would only
                                                  have one gun between them
                                                  is a stretch.

                                                  And really, if you wanted
                                                  to analyze the results of
                                                  a shooting team, the place
                                                  where you would begin is
                                                  an individual analysis of
                                                  the data for each shooter.


And rather than work with the admittedly
awkward terms "precision" and "accuracy",
the authors introduce their own favored
terms "noise" and "bias".

  Neither are without problems.

  To my ear, the word "noise"             The word "bias" has
  suggests issues with interference       severe negative
  in communications-- not scatter         connotations:
  in judgment and prediction.             technically it may just
                                          mean any systematic
  Further "noise" also strongly           error, but colloquially
  suggests "randomness" which could       it suggests things like
  be begging an important question.       racial bias.


           "Noise" suggests               "Bias" suggests
           unintended, accidental.        hidden agendas,

                        Neither, I think, is
                        something you would want
                        to assume at outset.          I'm capable of
                                                      intentional
                                                      noise, myself:

                                                      NOISE


   It's a continual irritation to me that
   the word "noise" is abused in every
   other sentence of this book-- for me,
   it's a fingernails-on-blackboard noise.      This rhetorical "fingernails"
                                                still feels like a useful
     I think they were working too              figure of speech to me,
     hard at trying to sound edgey.             though really half of the
                                                people alive now have never
     Not to mention original.                   even seen a blackboard, let
     This bold new discovery they're            alone heard one.
     talking about isn't all that
     new, and their prescription
     doesn't strike me as the panacea
     they make it out to be.



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