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ON_THE_SCHOLES_OF_PARADOXY


                                             April 10, 2014
                                             April 11, 2014

Robert Scholes in his "Paradoxy of Modernism",
speaks up in defense of the low arts in
response to some various snobby attacks from        Yale University
critics writing early in the 20th century.          Press (2006)

    That title, "Paradoxy of
    Modernism", strikes me as a
    bid towards critical
    seriousness (even as he
    defends the commoners)-- I
    can't say I quite get what
    paradoxes he's referring to,
    though he does have a finger
    on a few contradictions.          But then, if you're going
    A more accurate title would       to ship a hardcover with
    be "Confusions" or even           an academic press at $50
    "Hypocrisies".                    plus, you need to work to
                                      justify that.
    Scholes suggestion that the
    modernist critics "protest            Myself, I will pass
    too much" is interesting: he          on buying this one,      And I begin
    accuses them of secretly              living with the          with a PDF
    enjoying the low arts, but            various free PDF         of the
    feeling ashamed of it.                samples--                first 12
                                                                   pages...
  Ah, Alan Blackstock, of Utah            But I'll keep it in
  State University explains:              mind as a Nook book      FIRST13
                                          experiment at $16--
  "Scholes begins by defining             (while I own a Nook,
  "paradoxy"-- a word he evidently        I've yet to buy one
  coined-- as 'a kind of confusion        of their DRM
  generated by a terminology that         encumbered ebooks).
  seems to make clear distinctions
  where clear distinctions cannot--
  and should not-- be made'"

  http://rmmla.innoved.org/ereview/60.2/reviews/blackstock.asp


     There's some good stuff in Scholes work,
     like this remark on the continuum of novelty:

        "There is undoubtedly a sliding scale between the
        highly formulaic (call it mechanical) and the
        highly original in aesthetic texts, but the
        absolute ends of the scale are impossible to
        occupy, since they would yield no new text at          NOVELTY_AGAIN
        one end and an unintelligible text at the other."
         -- p.10


About Lukás, "Theory of the Novel" (1914-15):    

   "The novel, he asserted, unlike other literary
   genres, was cursed by having an evil twin: 'a
   caricatural twin almost indistinguishable from
   itself in all inessential formal characteristics:
   the entertainment novel, which has all the outward
   features of the novel but which, in essence, is
   bound to nothing and based on nothing, i.e. is
   essentially meaningless.'"

Scholes makes the obvious point-- obvious to me,
at least, and probably obvious to most of us at
this point-- that this duality isn't supportable.

                         
   Scholes comments "Lukás
   wanted the novel to do serious     It's easy at this date to dismiss as
   cultural work, which meant, for    naive and dated the notion that the
   him, a Hegelian project -- "       world needs the New Socialist Novel,
                                      but there was a time when such novels
   Scholes argues that all            *did* serve serious purposes --
   narrative is essentially
   entertaining-- but misses              A famous example would be the
   the point that all narrative           Upton Sinclair novel "The Jungle"
   is also essentially serious.           (1906).

Scholes quotes Martin Greenberg, from
the essay "Avant-garde and Kitsch":
                                                        CRITICAL_TIME
 "Kitsch is the epitome of all that is spurious
  in the life of our times.  Kitsch pretends to
  demand nothing of its customers except
  their money-- not even their time."

Scholes counters that filling time is
a primary function of Kitsch-- but
this is nit-picking, attacking
Greenberg's attempt at a play on
words without going after it's actual
meaning: Here Greenberg clearly means
it doesn't take *much* time (or
rather, effort) to access Kitsch--


    And for the connoisseur of cheapshots this
    volley by Scholes is quite impressive:

      "I would thus distinguish between
      works that attempt to pass
      themselves off as high art by aping     At the outset, no one knows
      the superficial signs of superior       whether a particular work will
      achievement-- true kitsch, if you       be a masterpiece, not even the
      will-- and works that decline the       master.  The "masterpiece
      masterpiece gambit and aim at a         gambit" may be a useful, even
      lower but genuine level of artistic     a necessary move for producing
      production-- "                          a certain kind of work.
                          --p.12
                                                 The thing to attack here
                                                 is not the imitation of
                                                 form, but the pretence
                                                 that this isn't what's
                                                 being done.

The worst thing here, from my point
of view, is that Scholes appears to
be buying into the Modernist's low                  He comes not to elevate
opinion of popular art:                             the popular novel, but
                                                    to drag all down to the
  "'Fun,' of course, is a word that                 same level.
  trivializes the pleasure to be obtained
  by works labeled kitsch, but the notion
  of a kind of existential boredom, a fear
  of the meaninglessness of a life without
  hope for human progress or a heavenly
  reward, is far from trivial."

My contention would be that popular art
is not merely a refuge to hide from that
meaninglessness-- it's a solution to it,
it provides a frame of meaning, a way of
approaching the world.  The fundamental     The silliest comedy,
subject of fiction is how to live, and      the most formulaic
how to feel about living...                 fantasy, still has
                                            this aspect in play.

                                                        TAKEN_LIGHTLY


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