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GREENE_MURDER


                                           December 22, 2002

Notes upon a bad novel:
"The Greene Murder Case" (1928)
by S.S. van Dine

I thought it was time I rounded out
my literary education by actually
reading a "Philo Vance" mystery
novel.

Philo Vance was quite popular in            GREENE_MURDER_FILM
his day... one of these novels
was made into a film with William       I was thinking of the "The
Powell as Vance.                        Kennel Club Murders", but
                                        actually William Powell did
Circa 1929: the old guard               several Vance movies...
was still doing drawing                 including "The Greene Murder
room murders, though                    Case" (1929).
Hammett and the Black Mask 
gang were trying to drag                  These were made pretty quickly, and
things down into the                      William Powell's rendition of Philo
hardboiled gutter.                        Vance as a somnulent undertaker was
                                          not his finest performance.
Raymond Chandler wrote
eloquently of the general
awfulness of "golden age"         "The Simple Art of Murder"
detective fiction, with           by Raymond Chandler
emphasis on the insanely          (November 1945,
unrealistic degree of             The Atlantic Monthly)
stupidity required by
the police.                                          He also comments:

In this respect, the novel does                      "Philo Vance --
not disappoint.  The remarkable                      probably the most
stupidity of the police is in                        asinine character in
evidence almost from the first                       detective fiction"
page... well, maybe the first
page of the second chapter.
The actual first chapter is an
overgrowth of verbal fungus from
the incredibly useless "Watson"
figure that narrates the story.
But I digress.


                                      
Let's take the initial situation: two       
people have been shot in a mansion          
located in Manhattan on the East River.     
One side of the mansion is in fact          
hanging over the river.  It is a house      
full of older siblings, all compelled       
to live together by the terms of a          
mindless (and totally unbelievable)         
will.  First, one woman was shot and        
killed, and then the murderer evidently     
walked to another bedroom and shot and      
wounded another woman.  Both were           
contact wounds: the first woman was         
shot in the front, and the second was       
shot in the back.  The fact that the        
killer could approach the first woman       
in her bedroom late at night and hold a     
gun up against her would seem to            
indicate that she knew the assailant        
(the lights were found on it the room,      
and the light switch is fairly              
difficult to access).                       
                                            
Nevertheless, the police are enamored of      
the idea that this crime must have been       
committed by a panicked burglar from          
outside the house.  Consider that there       
was also a longish pause of several           
minutes between the first and the second      
gunshot, but nevertheless, the police         
insist that both were done by the burglar     
as he was running about looking for a way     
out (he evidently kept missing the main       
stairs which were gaping in the middle of     
the hallway, and preferred to open doors      
at random).                                   
                                              
What leads the police to assume it was an     
outside agency?  Well, there was a heavy      
snowfall that night, leaving a thick          
layer of light, flaky snow outside.           
There's two sets of footprints on the         
front walk, which could be this burglar       
running into the house (which was entered     
without breaking... so he's got a key, or     
it was a slick lock-picking job) and then     
running out.  But the prints don't            
overlap.  So could it be they were made       
by someone leaving and then returning to      
the house?  Perhaps someone who wanted to     
hold open the possibility that it was an      
outside agency that did it?                   
                                              
Naaah. Or so say the cops.  Now, our         
hero, Philo Vance, a well respected          
amateur detective and close friend of the    
DA, very carefully points out the severe     
implausibility of the burglar theory. For    
no apparent reason they insist that it       
can't be a member of the family.  Ah,        
could it be that there's political           
pressure on them to adopt this theory by     
the oh so respectable and quite rich         
Greene family?  No, not at all: Raymond      
Chandler is many years in our future.        
There's at least one prominent member of     
the Greene family that's leaning on the      
DA to look into something besides this       
burglar theory.                              
                                            
But okay, I tried to ignore the             
intellectually-challenged porcine           
problem, and I just focused on the          
puzzle at hand.  This being a good (sort    
of) old-fashioned mystery, it's actually    
supposed to be possible to reason out       
the identity of the killer.  So here's      
my first stab at it:                        
                                            
My first thought is that this is an        
interesting setting: there actually are
some places in New York built right up
against the East River: you can see
some of them from the pedestrian path
attached to the side of the 59th Street                                    
bridge (though that foot path seems a           (Now the foot path has        
well-kept secret, and you really need           been moved to the north       
to look for it).  I've never seen a             side of the bridge, and       
"mansion" like this there, but this was         it's probably much            
in the 1920s.  Things change (they              easier to find.)              
probably hadn't even built the East                                           
Side Highway way back then).                                                 
                                                                          
                                                
                                                
Does the setting suggest something?

Sure: it's no problem at all
for someone to dispose of
something in this house,
provided they have access to                  ~~
one of the windows on the                 ~         ~~          ~~
river side: just drop it over                 The East River        ~~
the sill, and it's                     ~~                    ~~
effectively gone.                                     __
                                   _____==___________/  \_________==______
                               ~~~ |            |           |            | ~~~
So that's my first theory:         |            | guy       |   my hot   |
the murderer shoots the two        |  murdered  | pushing   |   suspect: |
people, then gets to a             "   woman    | for       |   the      "
river-facing window, and           "            | invest-   |   modern   "
tosses the gun (and possibly       |  bang! #1  | igation   |   woman    |
some other things) into the        |            |           |            |
water.  There are six              |_____/ _____|____/ _____|__/ ________|
bedrooms on the second floor,      |                                     |
three of them on the river         |                                     |
side.  The first person who        "               -----------|          |
was shot is over on the river      "       Stairs  ||||||||||||          |
side -- the killer obviously       "        --->   ||||||||||||          |
still has the gun when             |               -----------|          |
leaving that room to shoot         |                                     |
the second person, and             |____  ___________  ________  ________|
there's not a lot of time for      |    \       |    \      |  \         |
the complicated doubling-back      |            |           |            |
that would be needed to throw      |   some     |  wounded  |   big      |
something out of that window.      "   red      |  woman    |   mama     \
So, that leaves two suspects       "   shirt    |           |             "
with bedrooms on the river, a      |            |  bang! #2 |             "
man and a woman.  The man is       |            |           |            /
the one who's been pushing         |____==______|____==__  _|_           |
for a more through                           --> [[[[[[[  /   |          |
investigation, so he's not                    stairs    |      /         |
such a likely candidate.  The                 to        |_____|___===____|
woman then, is my hot                         balcony
suspect: she shot two people,                           balcony
then had to run back to her
room, and once there disposed
of the gun out the window.

It took me some time to understand
the fundamental flaw with this
theory of mine: the police don't
bother to look for the gun.
                            
Two people were shot with a 32,     
with no gun found on the scene.     
One guy in the house says he        
used to have a 32, but he           
doesn't know what happened to       
it.  And the cops *don't* tear      
the place apart just to make        
sure that there's no 32 stuffed     
behind a couch some place.          
                                    
Burglar theory or no, you would    
think they would check on a
little detail like this.  But as
it turns out there's an entire
room in the house that they
don't even glance inside: the
woman who runs the house just           (And for those folks in
says it's been locked ever since        the audience who think
her husband died, and she               that this novel can
objects to them peeking in              actually be spoiled,
there.  And they just go "oh,           here's one of those
okay, we won't bother with that         wonderful SPOILERS
                                        warnings).
Anyway, the cops wait for       
another round of killings to    
happen with the same gun,                          It may shock you to hear
before they really search                          that this locked library
the place... and the locked                        was actually used by the
library gets left until                            murderer to hide stuff.
rather late in the story. I     
think after the fourth round    
of killings, though I may       
have lost count (yes: there     
are that many killings.         
This is one of those stories    
where there are only a few      
suspects left alive by the      
time you get to the end).       
                                
Now, let's consider another suspect for
a moment.  How about the woman who was
wounded?  Being good mystery novel
fans, we of course wonder if this
"wounded" business could just be
designed to throw us off the scent.
Oh, but she was shot in the back,
wounded really badly (the doc says it
just missed the lung), and no gun was
found on the scene... what kind of
idiot would really think this woman was
a plausible suspect?

(Here's another SPOILERS warning.)

The author.

So how could this villainess possibly
fake this attack on her life?

      (And you know what?  Just for hypocrisy's
      sake, I'm going to give a third SPOILERS
      warning, but this one is sincere, because
      I'm about to blow a detail of one of
      the original Sherlock Holmes stories.
      If by some chance you haven't read them,
      then don't read this.)

                                              
The murderer has pulled a "Thor Bridge".  You know     
the Holmes story: it looks like someone has been       
murdered on a stone bridge, but Holmes spots a         
little nick in the parapet, and realizes that the      
person has committed suicide but made it look like     
murder.  A rock was tied to the gun and then           
tossed over the edge so that after the shot was        
fired the weight pulled the gun over the edge and      
into the drink.                                        
                                                       
The Greene variation of this: the woman left          
her bedroom window open six inches or so,        
tied a weight to the gun, reached around         
and shot herself in the back, and let the        
weight pull the gun out the window, over         
the wall of the balcony, and down into the       
thick, fluffy layer of snow.                     
                                                 
Let us count the things that could              
go wrong with this scheme:

(1) The first gunshot might have attracted attention faster
    than expected.  She could have been discovered running
    across the hall with a gun in her hand.  Someone might
    have checked on her room while she was in the middle of
    her preparations.  Remember, she's got to tie the gun to
    the rope, get the rock out the window and over the
    balcony, run back over to the mirror by her dressing
    table, reach around behind her and pick a good angle
    to be convincing without killing herself... "This? Oh,
    I'm just using it to scratch my back.  No, I don't know
    where it came from.  Oh, it's a gun?  Eeek!"

(2) She might have wounded herself worse than she intended
    (e.g. break a rib that then punctured a lung).

(3) She might have been left for dead for long enough to
    actually bleed to death.

(4) The gun might have gotten stuck somewhere, e.g.
    hooked on the windowsill (perhaps in the corner of
    the window?).  Remember it also has to make it over
    the balcony, once it makes it through the window.

(5) The gun might have left a trace:
    (a) by scraping the paint on the window frame.
    (b) by flipping the wrong way and breaking the window.
    (c) by being dragged through the snow on the balcony,
        or on the parapet.
    (d) in the surface of the snow below the balcony.

(6) The woman might have been incapacitated for longer
    than expected: if the snow had a few days to melt
    the gun/rope/rock assembly would be discovered.

(7) The police might have done some police work, and looked
    around outside the house a little bit.  The
    gun/rock/rope assembly would be in a perfect position
    for someone to literally trip over it while walking
    around the house.

(8) Someone might have wondered why you would leave a window
    open in the middle of a bitterly cold winter (think
    about this: "light fluffy snow" == "really cold out
    there", yes? Then think about "really cold" && "on the East
    River". How much fresh air can you need?).

What a scheme, eh?  What a brilliant criminal mind, eh?  No
wonder it took them four plus rounds of killings to track
down this crafty devil.


===

"The Greene Murder Case" contains
a long speech by "Philo Vance"
discoursing on the difference            COMPOSITION_UNITY_AND_CLUELESSNESS
between photography and painting.

He makes the point that in a good painting
everything is arranged by the artist,
and claims that a photo is merely an
unordered recording of experience.

    First thought: this man had                     (Weirdly enough, van Dine
    *no* understanding of photography.              had some background as an
                                                    art critic.)
    Second thought: Pollack and Rauschenberg
    probably should have planted a generator
    in the guy's coffin.                              KNOW_WHAT_I_LIKE

This discourse by Vance leads up
to the suggestion that they need
to consider the murders as a
painting, i.e. as a composition.

    Third thought: this is an awfully
    circuitous method of explaining that
    the murderer may have planted some
    misleading evidence.

When we finally get down to the
explanation of the murder, the
various insane features of the
situation are footnoted with
references to criminological
literature to establish that
each absurdity has precedent.



The trouble is that while one extreme
detail might be believed, a mass of extreme
details pushes way beyond "improbable".
                           
All of these little outre           
happenings, however "real" they     
might have once been, do *not*      
add up to a coherent story...       
                                    
                                    
   S.S. van Dine does not seem to have
   made an attempt at applying his
   theory of art to his own writing.


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