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ANNA_KARENINA


                                                    July 16, 2001
                                              Rev:  May  31, 2004 
"Anna Karenina" (1878) 
by Leo Tolstoy 

Anna Karenina is a vortex               
of interesting material
swirling around a rather       Anna Karenina herself seems like a
dull core: yeah, it's          rather bright, interesting        
adultery again.                character, and her sudden passion 
                               for the fairly useless Vronsky    
However, the counter-point     ("this Petersburg fop", as one    
characters -- Levin and        character puts it early on) seems               
Kitty -- are really            rather unconvincing.              
engaging, which is pretty                          
amazing considering that              Quite plausible perhaps, if you    
their relationship is a               step back and think about it:     
quite simple and                      pretty woman married to a dull     
straight-forward love                 older man, goes for a flattering    
story.                                relationship with a younger man, a
                                      dashing lieutenant type.              
                                                                            
But Levin himself is a                       Not exactly far-fetched: but not
really engaging character:                   something that inspires a lot of
An intellectual farmer, out                  sympathy, either.               
of place among both         
intellectuals and farmers.                                   A peculiarity: 
An awkward fellow who can          The dramatic flaw         the book begins 
never seem to say the right        here is familiar:         with an          
thing in company.  Someone         the real "hero" of        unconvincing     
who always tries to play it        the story is              passionate       
straight, and tangles              unchanging and            affair, and      
himself up in knots with his       untouchable, so           closes with an    
quest for intellectual             the story focuses         unconvincing     
honesty.                           on the "bad guys"         religious        
                                   whose real role is        epiphany --      
Some of my favorite material       to make the hero          switching to the 
in the novel is where Levin        look good by              real main        
invents the idea of what we        contrast.                 character, Levin. 
would call profit-sharing:                                                     
He realizes that the               Compare to:            THE_ABSTRACTION_GAME 
"peasants" that work his           "The Fountainhead",       
land would be motivated to         or to "Modesty Blaise"...      
do a better job if rewarded                                                
in proportion to the success                   BLAZING
of the farm.                                     
                              Levin might        
                              be held up as
   It's a little              one of the          
   frustrating                few examples           
   that Tolstoy               in literature    There aren't a lot       
   doesn't follow             of a benign,     of positive             
   up on how this             enlightened      portrayals of            
   idea works                 employer         business-types out       
   out...                                      there:                   
                                               Ayn Rand's "Atlas"        
   He's a little more                          Robert Heinlein,         
   interested in how                           "The Man Who Sold       
   hard it is for                              the Moon";         
   Levin to explain                            Poul Anderson "The       
   his ideas to anyone:                        Man Who Counts";          
                                               The movie "Sabrina"       
      'Yes, fine,' answered Levin,             (the Humphrey             
      continuing to think of the               Bogart character).       
      question they had been                                        
      discussing.  It seemed to him             
      that he had expressed his                     
      thoughts and feeling as                    
      clearly as he could, yet both                 
      the others -- sincere and not                 
      stupid men -- had agreed that             
      he was comforting himself                 
      with sophistry.                                  
                                                 Page numbers are from the     
            -- part VI, ch XI, p534              Norton Critical Edition       
                                                                               
                                                 Translation:                  
      He [Levin] saw that Metrov, like the       Louise and Aylmer Maude, 
      others, despite the article in which       1918, revised 1939. 
      he refused the teachings of the                                          
      economists, still regarded the             originally 
      position of the Russian labourer           written 1875 - 1877           
      merely from the standpoint of             
      capital, wages, and rent.  Through he        
      had to admit that in the Eastern and          
      greater part of Russia rents were             
      still _nil_, that wages -- for               
      nine-tenths of the eighty millions of          
      the Russian population -- represented         
      only sustenance for themselves, and            
      that capital did not yet exist except 
      in the form of most primitive tools,         
      yet he regarded every labourer merely        
      from that one point of view [...]         
                                                
         -- Part VII, Ch III, p614 
                                                
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