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TROOPERS


                                             June    25, 2017
                                             December 7, 2017

                                                 (All pieced together from
Robert Heinlein's                                comments at crookedtimber)
"Starship Troopers" (1960)
                                                            HEINLEIN
This is a book about which no
one seems to be able to form an                             FORECAST
even-handed opinion.  I think
I've been arguing with people
about it off and on for a good     It isn't just "pro-military",
thirty years, and I note with      it talks about restricting the
some surprise how little I've      democratic franchise-- that
recorded of all that here.         immediately raises nightmares
                                   of literacy tests and jim crow.

"Starship Troopers" is a book
that's out of control.  Despite
it's complexity, it was written
fast in a fit of anger at
contemporary politics and
attitudes and in many different               Complexity:
ways it doesn't really add up.
                                               o   Speculative military
The citizen-soldiers are supposed                  hardware: "mobile infantry"
to be self-selected for public                     wear powered armor, and are
spirit, but what we actually see on                dropped from orbit, shedding
stage is the main character drifts                 re-entry shells as they go
into the military almost randomly,                 in hopes it will act as
signing up without thinking about                  distracting chaff, drawing
it very much because he knows                      enemy fire as they descend.
someone else who did.  In the first
few pages of the book he compares              o   An alternative democratic
himself to a racehorse or a bullet                 system: voting rights are
fired from a gun-- there seems to                  awarded only to veterans
be some self-awareness that perhaps                of government service--
he's not so self-aware...                          largely military service,
                                                   going by what we're shown
I think Heinlein's imagination ran in              on stage.
realistic directions, and he wasn't
quite capable of just faking things the        o   A political philosophy
way someone like Ayn Rand might.  On the           about the inevitability
surface "Starship Troopers" is a book              of war: "All wars are the
intended to depict war as inevitable and           result of population
glorious but man does it make you wish             pressure."
for something better.
                                               There's roughtly three
As political propaganda goes--                 times the material here a
admittedly not usually all that far--          normal SF novel might try
it's remarkably unconvincing.                  to deal with...  and
                                               there's still more on top
In fact, a lot of us were inclined to          of this, including some
wonder how serious Heinlein was about          unusual features
"Troopers".  Might there be some               involving race and gender
intentional double-reverse built               issues.
into the story?

But later commentary ("Expanded Universe",
again) indicates he was indeed out to          There's a fan-response letter
"glorify the infantry"-- in those days he      quoted in "Grumbles From the
expected imminent war with the Soviets.        Grave" where Heinlein calls
                                               "Troopers" a book of questions.
His later take was he hadn't anticipated
the "three-way standoff" with China--              The older, grumpier Heinlein
myself I think he was having trouble               of 1985 makes it sound more
grasping that the threat of both Russia            like a book of answers.
and China had been exaggerated, though it
could be he was on his way there.                  But on the other hand, that
                                                   same write-up presents
     An oddity of "Expanded Universe"              multiple fanciful
     is an account of a trip to Moscow             alternatives to our present
     where Heinlein observes that the place        form of democracy... he
     doesn't seem to be anywhere near              doesn't present a manifesto
     as big as the Soviets claimed...              for government-by-veterans


The dispute about whether there's
any thing besides miltary service
that counts as public service in     The novel talks about only military
this book is, as far as I can        service, but in 1985 he wrote an essay
tell, the result of a screw-up on    claiming it was obvious from the novel
Heinlein's part: he thought he'd     that conscientious objectors could be put
made this clearer than he did-- a    to work doing something else to earn their
symptom, I think, of how quickly     vote.  James Gifford documented this
it was dashed off.                   discrepancy in the mid-90s...

                                         The James Gifford piece,
                                         "The Nature of "Federal
                                         Service" in Robert A. Heinlein's
                                         Starship Troopers":

                                         http://www.nitrosyncretic.com/rah/ftp/fedrlsvc.pdf
"Starship Troopers" was submitted
to Scribners as one of Heinlein's
juveniles (a category lately
rebranded as "young adult"
novels), which is yet another
thing that makes it seem out of
control. Though it could be that      He was constantly at odds with his
he really didn't expect them to       editor at Scribners, a woman who,
take it and it was effectively a      for example, objected to the idea
resignation letter.                   that teenagers in a frontier society
                                      might carry sidearms.
  I don't remember how the
  Scribners deal was structured,           She once complained that no one wrote
  but back when he was publishing          adventure novels about young women,
  in Astounding, he required               which is where "Podkayne" came from.
  Campbell to accept all his
  submissions or he would start
  submitting elsewhere: he really
  did think a lot about incentive    POOR_BEAST
  structures.

    Part of the idea for the political system in
    "Troopers" was that it would select from
    people with some sense of civic virtue and        One of the alternate
    altruism.                                         democracy ideas
                                                      floated in "Expanded
       There are confirmed civilians who don't        Universe" was
       miss their vote. They regard the people        government restricted
       who sign-up as suckers.                        to mothers, on the
                                                      theory that on
       Heinlein's concept-- right or wrong--          average they'd care
       is that only someone with a wider sense        more about the future
       of identification with the society at          of humanity.
       large would want to run the dangerous
       guantlet of military service.                  TROOPERS_AGAINST_SEXISM


               Another angle: one of the breakdown
               modes for democracy is military
               coup.  Heinlein claims the
               "Troopers" system is more stable
               *because* the foxes are in
               charge of the henhouse by design.

                              TROOPERS_AGAINST_SEXISM
                              TROOPERS_AGAINST_RACISM
                              EPISTOCRACY


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